Ribosome is an organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins. Function: Ribosomes themselves are made of proteins and RNA. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and are active participants in their process. They pass through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm, protein synthesis occurs. Structure: Ribosomes are special because not only are they found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, but they're also needed by the cell. Without them there wouldn't be anyone to manufacture proteins.
Cilia/Flagella Cilia are short, hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface. Flagella is a long, whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement. Function: Cilia help the organism swim and capture food. Cilia and flagella move liquid past the surface of the cell. Structure: If there are many of them they are called cilia and if there are a few or only one present then it's flagella.
Golgi Apparatus is a stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins. Function: Golgi's membranes have enzymes that make changes to proteins. The Golgi apparatus package proteins and are sometimes stored for later use. Also some are transported and others are carried out of the cell. Structure: The Golgi apparatus is usually recognized because of its unique structure. Its structure is made of cisternae and those are the flattened stacks of membrane.
Lysosome is an organelle that contains enzymes. Function: Lysosomes defend a cell from bacteria and viruses. They also break down damaged or worn-out cell parts and are usually numerous in animal cells. From the Golgi apparatus enzymes are activated and packaged as lysosomes then pinch off the Golgi membrane. Structure: Lysosomes digest things with the enzymes help. They also dispense their enzymes into these autophagic (process in body that destroys cells in body, helps maintain homeostasis) vacuoles, digesting their contents.
A vacuole is an organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell. Function: This fluid-filled sac strengthens and supports the cell. Structure: It's a membrane bound organelle and its membrane surrounds the fluid . It's present in all plant cells.
Mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle that has its own ribosomes and DNA. Function: Mitochondrions supply energy to the cell and have two membranes (inner and outer membrane). The inner membrane has folds where chemical reactions takes place. This converts the food we eat into usable energy. Structure: Has two membranes and they supply energy. There are double layered sheets called cristae in the inner membrane. The outer membrane covers the organelle like skin and protects it.
Centrioles is a small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; (aids mitosis). Function: Located in the centrosome (small region of cytoplasm that produces micrtubules) organize microtubules to form cilia and flagella. Structure: Small set of microtubules set in a specific way in which there are nine microtubules. They help the cell when its time to divide and the centrioles move toward the poles of the nucleus.
Chloroplast is an organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll. Function: Carry out photosynthesis and have an inner and outer membrane. The inner membrane have disc-shaped sacs and these sacs give plants their green color. Structure: Chloroplast has two membranes. These double membrane bound organelles circle additional membranes called thylakoids. The thylakoids are stacked and form grana which are then suspended in the storma of the chloroplast.